Grading is based on the attendance within that specific semester’s research seminar events. The scale used is S (Satisfactory) and U Unsatisfactory. To obtain a grade of S, one has to attend at least 75\% (rounding up) of the whole semester’s seminar talks, e.g., one semester has 4 seminars, each registered student must attend 3 seminars. Otherwise, a U grade will be given by the instructor at the end of the semester.